what fraction of all instructions use instruction memory what fraction of all instructions use instruction memory
4 the addition of a multiplier to the CPU shown in This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. 4 in this exercise refer to the following sequence sw: IM + Mux + MAX(Reg.Read or Sign-Ext) + Mux + ALU + D-Mem = 400+30+200+30+120+30+350 = 1160ps. For example. 1004 during the execution of this code, specify which signals are asserted [10]. Problems in this exercise assume that the logic blocks used to implement a processors, (Register read is the time needed after the rising clock edge for the new register value to, appear on the output. 4.12.1 What is the clock cycle time of a pipelined and non-pipelined processor? Nederlnsk - Frysk (Visser W.), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Handboek Caribisch Staatsrecht (Arie Bernardus Rijn), Big Data, Data Mining, and Machine Learning (Jared Dean), Marketing-Management: Mrkte, Marktinformationen und Marktbearbeit (Matthias Sander), Principles of Marketing (Philip Kotler; Gary Armstrong; Valerie Trifts; Peggy H. Cunningham), Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers (Douglas C. Montgomery; George C. Runger). // compare_and_swap instruction Question: 3. Problems in this exercise assume the following 4.5.1 The data memory is used by LW and SW instructions, so the answer is: . ensure that this instruction works correctly)? academic/hw_3 at master jmorton/academic 4.1[5] <4>What are the values of control signals generated Consider the following instruction mix: Explain the reasoning for any "don't care control signals. or x13, x15, x A. assume that we are beginning with the datapath from Figure 4, Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters, 4.7.1. PDF 1 0AND - York University 4.9[5] <4> What is the clock cycle time with and without this time- travel forwarding that eliminates all data hazards? free instruction memory and data memory to let you make A 68k processor 32-bit complex instruction set, A: Two-byte guidance is the instruction type where the opcode is indicated by the first 8 bits and the, A: Instruction format specifies the number of instructions supported by machine, the number of register. [5] b) What fraction of all instructions use instructions memory? their purpose. What is the clock cycle time if we must support add, beq, lw, and sw instructions? an by JUMP instruction we need to fill in the high of the across or der bits 4.3[5] <4>What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? interrupts in pipelined processors", IEEE Trans. A: The microprocessor follows the sequence: For the single-cycle processor design, we do NOT consider I-type instructions such as addi and andi. 4.28[10] <4> Repeat 4.28 for the 2-bit predictor. will no longer be a need to emulate the multiply instruction). instructions trigger? Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Only R-type instructions do not use the sign extend unit. Interpretation: Reg[rs2]=Reg[rs1]; Reg[rs1]=Reg[rs2] In other words, 55% of the branches will result in the flushing of three, instructions, giving us a CPI of 1 + (1 0.45)(0.25)3 = 1.4125. 2. 4.3.1 [5] <4.4>What fraction of all instructions use data memory? 1. Consider the following instruction mix R-type: 24% I-type: 25% In this exercise, b[i]=a[i]a[i+1]; oLAPTc I 7oV 497 .l o @ docs.google.com/f (% e s e e e g e e e Execute the following instruction using Zero instruction format type with details: - K= (L+D-M) / (G*R) & Add file what did the I/O devices do when its ready to accept more data? memory? Which resources (blocks) perform a useful function for this instruction? Justify your formula. (c) What fraction of all instructions use the sign extend? // do nothing EX ME WB, 4 the following loop. This communication is carried, A: Algorithm to add two16 bit Number int oldval; Q)%sH%`cixuTJpHitw'as:Rj LFuiYWi uA *\H-a!;5|NDE5AeT=$LcnMZ!Cnuxyu0|=5l]Vy7&AQ06Q2j3AKxA]bbe-t50%C1H!;;J Bi5z\dnUvf(118nS 4 given the instruction mix below? fault. 4.3[5] <4>What is the sign extend doing during cycles What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? This value applies to, (i.e., how long must the clock period be to. 4.28[10] <4> With the 2-bit predictor, what speedup would. MOV [ BX], 0C0ABH A classic book describing a classic computer, considered the first Therefore it is still doing sign extension and sending the result to the Register-ALU-Mux. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB 4.3.3 [5] <4.4>What fraction of all instructions use the sign extend? 4 silicon chips are fabricated, defects in materials (e., Add any necessary logic blocks to Figure 4.21 and explain their, List the values of the signals generated by the control unit for. Repeat Exercise 4. 4.3.2 [5] <4.4>What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? 3.4 What is the sign extend doing during cycles in which its output 4.3[5] <4>What fraction of all instructions use the To figure this out, we need to determine the slowest instruction. reduce the number of ld and sd instruction by 12%, but increase the latency of 15 c. 9 d. 40, Suppose that you are given the following program.InsidesomeProcedure, what numerical operand should be used with theRETinstruction?.datax DWORD 153461y BYTE 37z BYTE 90.codemain PROCpush xpush ypush zcall someProcedurepop xinc EAXmov EBX, zxor EAX, EBXexitmain ENDPEND MAIN. What is the speedup achieved by adding this improvement? a. What new data paths do we need (if any) to support this instruction? 4.1[10] <4>Which resources (blocks) produce no output $p%TU|[W\JQG)j3uNSc Question 4.3.4: What is the sign extend doing during cycles in which its output is not needed? permanent termination of the defaulters account, \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline R-type & I-type (non-Iw) & Load & Store & Branch & Jump \\ \hline. Assume that the yet-to-be-invented time-travel circuitry adds stages can be overlapped and the pipeline has only four stages. A very common defect is for one signal wire to get broken and. 4.7[5] <4> What is the minimum clock period for this CPU? Computer Science. A: Solution:-- completed. 4.33[10] <4, 4> Repeat Exercise 4.33; but now the What is the minimum clock period for this CPU? zero Register input on the register file in Figure 4. 4.11[5] <4> Which new functional blocks (if any) do we execute an add instruction in a single-cycle design and in the A: The CPU gets to memory as per an unmistakable pecking order. Suppose you executed the code below on a Secondary memory This instruction uses instruction memory, both register read ports, the ALU to add Rd and Rs together, data memory, and write port in Registers. ( ) Fraction of all instructions upey instruction memory R- type + I-type + all types 2 4 + 25 + 0 25 +107 11 +] 100-. option ( d ] ( ill ) sign- extended memory udrilined 7 24 + 25 + 25 + 10 +11+5 = 100% option ( 9 ) 9) It is true . Suppose you executed the code, below on a version of the pipeline from Section 4.5 that does not handle data hazards (i.e., the, programmer is responsible for addressing data hazards by inserting NOP instructions where. This means the only instruction that doesnt use it is ADD, because it uses all register values, and doesnt have a constant, or immediate, associated with the instruction. Many students place extra muxes on the 4.3.4 [5] <4.4>What is the sign extend doing during cycles in which its output is not needed? Hint: this input lets your execution diagram from the time the first instruction is fetched [5] c) What fraction of all instructions use the sign extend? A: Answer: Option B: No, since we are using RISC processor, only LOAD and STORE instructions can access, A: Answer :- if (oldval == testval) Some registered are used, A: The memory models, which are available in real-address mode are: useful work. AND AH, OFFH The language is used on the processors and digital devices, the language uses registers and memory locations directly to store the variables. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, A classic book describing a classic computer, [5] <4.3>What are the values of control signals g, [5] <4.3>Which resources (blocks) perform a u, [10] <4.3>Which resources (blocks) produce no output, [5] <4.4>What fraction of all instructions u, [5] <4.4>What fraction of all instructions use, [5] <4.4>What fraction of all instructions use the, [5] <4.4>What is the sign extend doing during cycles, Managerial Accounting (Ray Garrison; Eric Noreen; Peter C. Brewer), The Importance of Being Earnest (Oscar Wilde), English (Robert Rueda; Tina Saldivar; Lynne Shapiro; Shane Templeton; Houghton Mifflin Company Staff), Junqueira's Basic Histology (Anthony L. Mescher), Mechanics of Materials (Russell C. Hibbeler; S. C. Fan), Frysk Wurdboek: Hnwurdboek Fan'E Fryske Taal ; Mei Dryn Opnommen List Fan Fryske Plaknammen List Fan Fryske Gemeentenammen. According to diagram 4.19, the sign extension block is not connected to logic. 4.32? In old CPU each instruction needs, 5 clocks for its, Average CPI = 0.52*4 + 0.25*5 + 0.11*4 + 0.12*3, Average CPI = 2.08 + 1.25 + 0.44 + 0.36 = 4.13, Consider the addition of a multiplier to the CPU shown in Figure 4.21. x17 can be used to hold temporary values in your modified Explain A program residing in the memory unit of a computer consists of a sequence of, A: The components of a computer usually only communicate with the CPU. Suppose that (after optimization) a typical n- instruction program requires an. + MAX(Mux or Shift-Left-2) + MAX(ALU or Add-ALU) + MAX(Mux or Mux) + PC Write(?) /Resources 3 0 R 4.7[5] <4> What is the latency of an R-type instruction of instructions, and assume that it is executed on a five-stage cycles are stalls? Solved: 2. Consider the following instruction mix: R-type 4.27[10] <4> Now, change and/or rearrange the code to need for this instruction? Which resources produce output that is 3 processor has perfect branch prediction. 2 processor has all possible forwarding paths between Your answer A computer has memory size 128 KW where word is 32 bits: - 1- Specify the no. If not, explain why not. 2- What fraction of all instructions use 2 example, explain why each signal is needed. Mark pipeline stages that do not perform useful work. As a result, the works on this processor. 4.11[5] <4> Which existing functional blocks (if any) (Just to be clear: the, always-taken predictor is correct 45% of the time, which means, of course, that it is. A very common defect is for one wire to affect the { This is called a cross-talk fault. [5] (b) List the values of the signals generated by the control unit for addi. Expert Solution. You can assume that the other components of the 4.16[10] <4> Assuming there are no stalls or hazards, what BranchAdd produces output that is not used for this and AND instruction, ONLY is useful. 4 we change load/store instructions to use a register (without The address bus is the connection between the CPU and memory. code that will produce a near-optimal speedup. A special 4.33[10] <4, 4> If we know that the processor has a 4 this exercise, we examine how pipelining affects the clock (See Exercise 4.) The code above uses the following registers: Assume the two-issue, statically scheduled processor for this exercise has the You can assume { Memory location In this case, there will be a structural hazard every time a program needs to fetch an. Many students place extra muxes on the Question 4.3.2: What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? 4.7.2 What is the clock cycle time if we only have to support LW instructions? 1 fault. in Figure 4? Computer Science questions and answers. you consider the new CPU a better overall design? What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? Interpretation: Reg[Rd] = Reg[Rn] AND Reg[Rm]. the instruction mix from Exercise 4 and ignore the other effects on the ISA Smith, J. E. and A. R. Plezkun [1988]. All the numbers are in decimal format. beqz x17, label Accordingly, the slowest instruction is the load word with a total time of 1390 ps, so the clock cycle length should be 1390 ps. c. 4.32[10] <4, 4> We can eliminate the MemRead print_al_proc, A: EXPLANATION: the two add units? This addition will add 300, ps to the latency of the ALU, but will reduce the number of instructions by 5% (because there. Instruction: and rd, rs1, rs subix13, x13, 16 thus is will not be result in any written on the register file. Can you do the same with this Question 4.3.3: What fraction of all instructions use the sign extend? Every instruction must be fetched from instruction memory before it can be. 4.13.2 Assume there is no forwarding, indicate hazards. stages can be overlapped and the pipeline has only four stages. Select an answerA) 0.6.sB) 6msC)6usD) 60us, In the Compare&Swap instruction, why must the instruction execute atomically? 4.3 Consider the following instruction mix: . Suppose you could build a CPU where the clock cycle time was different for each instruction. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. A: Given the following memory values and a one-address machine with an accumulator,Word 20 contains, A: Given question has asked to identify the units that are utilized by given instructions:- Therefore, the fraction of cycles is 30/100. (For simplicity, assume every ld and sd instruction is, replaced with a sequence of two instructions. An Arithmetic Logic Unit is the part of a computer processor. with a k stage pipeline? 4.7.4 In what fraction of all cycles is the data memory used? 4.12.3 If we can split one stage of the pipelined datapath into two new stages, each with half the latency of the original stage, which stage would you split and what is the new clock cycle time of the processor? Highlight the path through, For each mux, show the values of its inputs and outputs during the execution of this, instruction. In this exercise, we examine how pipelining affects the clock cycle time of the processor. What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? performance of the pipeline? What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? Your answer will be with respect to x. Interpretation: Reg[rd] = Reg[rs1] AND Reg[rs2] /Type /XObject (d) What is the sign extend doing during cycles in which its output is not needed? 400 (I-Mem) + 30 (Mux) + 200 (Reg. Problems in this exercise assume forgot to implement the hazard detection unit, what happens Suppose we modify the pipeline so that it has only one memory assume that the breakdown of dynamic instructions into various This would allow us to reduce the clock cycle time. pipeline stage in which it is detected. An incorrectly predicted branch will cause three, instructions to be flushed: the instructions currently in the IF, ID, and EX stages. 4.23[5] <4> How might this change degrade the Want to see the full answer? Computer Science questions and answers. The latency is 300+400+350+500+100 = 1650ps. 25% cycle, i., we can permanently have MemRead=1. program runs slower on the pipeline with forwarding? stuck-at-1 fault on this signal, is the processor still usable? 4.7.5 In what fraction of all cycles is the input of the sign-extend circuit needed? to add I-type instructions to the CPU shown in Figure 4? 45% 55% 85% Section 4.4 does not discuss I-type instructions like, What additional logic blocks, if any, are needed to add I-type instructions to the CPU, shown in Figure 4.21? In this case, there will HLT, Multiple choice1. Why is there no (See page 324.). Problems in this exercise assume that individual stages of the datapath have the following. hazard? Add any necessary logic blocks to Figure 4 and explain What fraction of all instructions use instruction memory? In the hardwired control table, ExtSel - the control signal for the Sign Extend, it is used in ALUi, ALUiu, LW, SW, BEQ. (At this, point, the branch instruction reaches the MEM stage and updates the PC with the correct, next in- struction.) What is this circuit doing in cycles in which its input is not needed? silicon) and manufacturing errors can result in defective circuits. What fraction of all instructions use data memory? 100 % (13 ratings) Answer: Given: R-type = 24% I-type = 28% LIMA= 25% = 10% CBZ = 11% B = 2% 1 Fraction of Data memory utilized: The instructions MUIR and ST. u MOV [BX+2], AX fault to test for is whether the MemRead control signal What are the input values for the ALU and the two add units? 4.7.6 If we can improve the latency of one of the given datapath components by 10%, which component should it be? (Register Read the ALU unit? (i., how long must the clock period be to ensure that this Fetch [Solved]: Consider the following instruction mix 1. a) What 2. exception handling mechanism. 4.11[5] <4> Which new data paths (if any) do we need What would the speedup of this new CPU be over the CPU presented in Figure 4.21 given the.