test of lepton universality in beauty quark decays nature test of lepton universality in beauty quark decays nature
The standard model (SM) of particle physics provides precise predictions for the properties and interactions of fundamental particles, which have been confirmed by numerous experiments since the inception of the model in the 1960s. For the muon modes, the residual background is combinatorial and, for the resonant mode, there is an additional contribution from B+J/+ decays with a pion misidentified as a kaon. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Rendiconti Lincei. J. Although this may not be happening, it suggests a new study by the LHCb Collaboration at CERN. 103, 171801 (2009). As a result, the different lepton types should be created equally often in particle transformations, or "decays", once differences in their mass are accounted for. Bremsstrahlung photons can be added to none, either or both of the final-state e+ and e candidates. The veto requirements retain 97% of B+K++ and 95% of B+K+e+e decays passing all other selection requirements. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Differential branching fraction and angular analysis of the decay B0K+I+in the \({K}_{0,2}^{* }{(1430)}^{0}\) region. In both cases, for both signal and background, the efficiency of the BDT selection has negligible dependence on m(K++) and q2 in the regions used to determine the event yields. D 86, 032012 (2012). High. Uncertainties on the data points are statistical only and represent one standard deviation. The 3,85070 B+K++ decay candidates that are observed are used to compute the B+K++ branching fraction as a function of q2. Eur. For RK the LHCb measurements are in the range 1.1Test of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays Decays of the form \({B}^{+}\to {\overline{D}}^{0}(\to {K}^{+}{e}^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{e}){e}^{+}{\nu }_{e}\) also contribute at the level of \({{{\mathcal{O}}}}(1 \%)\) of the B+K+e+e signal; and there is also a contribution from B+J/(e+e)K+ decays, where a photon is emitted but not reconstructed. Martin, B. R., and Shaw, G. (2017). The invariant mass of the final state particles, m(K++), is used to discriminate between signal and background contributions, with the signal expected to accumulate around the known mass of the B+ meson. LHCb topological trigger reoptimization. The theory predicts that the different charged leptons, the electron, muon and tau, have identical electroweak interaction. Background from decays with a photon converted into an e+e pair are also negligible due to the q2 selection. Alguer, M. et al. J. Instrum. Distribution of the invariant mass m(J/)(K++) for candidates with electron (left) and muon (right) pairs in the final state for the non-resonant B+K++ signal channels (top) and resonant B+J/(+)K+ decays (bottom). New tests of lepton universality show the same pattern as deviations Scienze Fisiche e Naturali (2023), Nature Physics (Nat. Measurement of the ratio of branching fractions \({{{\mathcal{B}}}}({\overline{B}}^{0}\to {D}^{* +}{\tau }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\tau })/{{{\mathcal{B}}}}({\overline{B}}^{0}\to {D}^{* +}{\mu }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\mu })\). Bezshyiko,A. Buonaura,D. De Simone,V. Denysenko,J. Eschle,M. Ferrillo,D. Lancierini,O. Lantwin,A. Mathad,K. Mller,P. Owen,N. Serra,R. Silva Coutinho,O. Steinkamp&Z. Wang, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK, T. Ackernley,T. J. V. Bowcock,G. Casse,A. J. Chadwick,C. A. Chavez Barajas,K. Dreimanis,S. Farry,V. Franco Lima,T. Halewood-leagas,J. P. Hammerich,T. Harrison,K. Hennessy,D. Hutchcroft,P. J. Marshall,J. V. Mead,K. Rinnert,E. Rodrigues,T. Shears,K. A. Thomson,E. Vilella Figueras,H. M. Wark&L. E. Yeomans, Instituto Galego de Fsica de Altas Enerxas (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, B. Adeva,P. Baladron Rodriguez,O. Boente Garcia,A. Brea Rodriguez,A. Casais Vidal,V. Chobanova,X. Cid Vidal,J. Dalseno,L. Dieste Maronas,A. Fernandez Prieto,A. Gallas Torreira,B. Garcia Plana,A. Giovent,J. Lomba Castro,D. Martinez Santos,C. J. Parkinson,M. Plo Casasus,C. Prouve,M. Romero Lamas,A. Romero Vidal,J. J. Saborido Silva,C. Santamarina Rios,S. Sellam,R. Vazquez Gomez&P. Vazquez Regueiro, H.H. The consistency of this ratio with unity demonstrates control of the efficiencies well in excess of that needed for the determination of RK. J. Lees, J. P. et al. Test of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays LHCb Collaboration Roel Aaij( NIKHEF, Amsterdam Show All(961) Mar 22, 2021 25 pages Published in: Nature Phys.18(2022)3,277-282 Published: Mar 15, 2022 e-Print: 2103.11769[hep-ex] DOI: 10.1038/s41567-021-01478-8 Report number: LHCb-PAPER-2021-004, CERN-EP-2021-042 Experiments: CERN-LHC-LHCb The signal mass shapes of the electron modes are described with the sum of three distributions, which model whether the ECAL energy deposit from a bremsstrahlung photon was added to both, either or neither of the e candidates. J. The LHCb collaboration et al. Aaij, R. et al. Skwarnicki, T. A Study of the Radiative Cascade Transitions between the Upsilon-Prime and Upsilon Resonances. Rev. This double ratio is expected to be close to unity2 and is determined to be 0.9970.011, where the uncertainty includes both statistical and systematic effects, the former of which dominates. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Novel Tests of Lepton Universality Boost Evidence for 'New Physics s Since the associated data storage and analysis costs would be prohibitive, the experiment does not record all collisions. 4 Likelihood function from the fit to the nonresonant. The ATLAS collaboration et al. Flavor probes of axion-like particles | SpringerLink Energy Phys. Wang, Y. Phys. The quoted uncertainty is the combination of statistical and systematic effects. 11, and only the main analysis steps are reviewed here. LHCb explores the beauty of lepton universality | CERN Linear (top) and logarithmic (bottom) scales are shown. Article the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Observables studied include rare meson decays, flavor oscillations of neutral mesons, rare lepton decays, and dipole moments. The width of the constraint is determined by adding the contributions from the different sources in quadrature. No significant trend is observed in the differential determination of rJ/ as a function of any considered variable. Lett. Each top (antitop) quark decays almost immediately into a bottom b ( b) quark and a W+ ( W -) boson, and we have reexamined those events in which one of the W bosons decays into a charged. The analogous ratio has also been measured for \({\Lambda }_{b}^{0}\) decays with H=pK and is compatible with unity at the level of one standard deviation23. To obtain Phys. Other sources of systematic uncertainty, such as the calibration of B+ production kinematics, the trigger calibration and the determination of the particle identification efficiencies, contribute at the few-permille or permille level, depending strongly on the data-taking period and the trigger category. 24, 01025 (2020). The departure of the profile likelihood shown in Extended Data Fig. Sjstrand, T., Mrenna, S. & Skands, P. A brief introduction to PYTHIA 8.1. In addition, a 0.2% systematic uncertainty is assigned for the potential contribution from partially reconstructed decays with two additional pions. Lett. Update of lepton universality test measurement RK - CERN 122, 191801 (2019). Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, M. Adinolfi,S. Bhasin,P. Camargo Magalhaes,M. G. Chapman,R. Lane,S. Maddrell-Mander,L. R. Madhan Mohan,A. M. Marshall,P. Naik,D. P. OHanlon,K. Petridis,G. J. Pomery,J. H. Rademacker,J. J. Velthuis,R. Wang,B. D. C. Westhenry&M. Whitehead, Universit Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, MI, France, H. Afsharnia,Z. Ajaltouni,E. Cogneras,O. Deschamps,R. Lefvre,J. Maratas,S. Monteil,P. Perret,D. Popov,H. Sazak,L. Soares Lavra&V. Tisserand, C. A. Aidala,D. S. Fitzgerald,S. H. Lee,K. R. Mattioli,C. Nunez,J. D. Roth&D. M. Shangase, S. Aiola,J. Fu,P. Gandini,L. Henry,D. Marangotto,A. Merli,N. Neri,M. Petruzzo&E. Spadaro Norella, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA, S. Akar,P. Ilten,B. Meadows,C. Pappenheimer,M. D. Sokoloff,M. Stahl&D. Vieira, Fakultt Physik, Technische Universitt Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany, J. Albrecht,A. Battig,M. Becker,M. S. Bieker,J. Lett. The mass distributions are shown in Extended Data Fig. J. C 78, 451 (2018). Measurement of the branching ratio of \({B}^{0}\to \ \ {D}^{(*)}{\tau }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\tau }\) relative to \(\overline{B}\to \ \ {D}^{(*)}{\ell }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\ell }\) decays with hadronic tagging at Belle. The yields in the two B+K++ and two B+J/(+)K+ decay modes are determined by performing unbinned extended maximum-likelihood fits to these distributions (Methods). Using pseudo-experiments based on the null hypothesis, the data suggest that the RK value from the new portion of the data is compatible with that from the previous sample with a P value of 95%. Measurements of other RH observables with the full LHCb dataset will provide further information on the quark-level processes measured. In the SM description of such processes, these virtual particles include the electroweak force carriers, the , W and Z0 bosons, and the top quark (Fig. An example distribution, with rJ/ determined as a function of B+ momentum component transverse to the beam direction, pT, is shown in Fig. Search for lepton-universality violation in B+K++ decays. Aaij, R. et al. LHCb collaboration LHCb detector performance. He,W. Huang,H. Liu,X. Lyu,R. Ma,W. Qian,J. Qin,Z. Xiang,J. Xu,Q. Xu,Z. Xu,S. Yang,Y. Yang,Y. Zheng,X. Zhou,Y. Zhou&Z. Zhu, L. Capriotti,A. Carbone,A. Falabella,F. Ferrari,D. Galli,S. Maccolini,D. Manuzzi,U. Marconi,C. Patrignani,S. Perazzini,M. Soares,V. Vagnoni,G. Valenti&S. Zucchelli, L. Capriotti,A. Carbone,F. Ferrari,D. Galli,S. Maccolini,D. Manuzzi,C. Patrignani&S. Zucchelli, INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy, Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China, I. Carli,S. Chen,Y. Li,Y. Li,S. Liu,Y. Lu,L. Ma,M. Tobin,J. Wang&Q. Zou, Univ. J. The lack of any dependence of the value of \({r}_{J/\psi }/ < {r}_{J/\psi } >\) as a function of B+ pT demonstrates control of the efficiencies. Lees, J. P. et al. reco. C 79, 719 (2019). The PVs are reconstructed by searching for space points where an accumulation of track trajectories is observed. The LHCb Collaboration, Test of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays, Nature Physics 18, (2022) 277-282. Instrum. 1, right) and could have non-universal interactions, hence giving branching fractions of B+K++ decays with different leptons that differ from the SM predictions. Beaujean, F., Bobeth, C. & van Dyk, D. Comprehensive Bayesian analysis of rare (semi)leptonic and radiative B decays. Differential branching fractions and isospin asymmetries of BK(*)+ decays. The measurement made by the LHCb team compares two types of decays of beauty quarks. Lett. B 753, 424448 (2016). The suppression of \(\overline{b}\to \overline{s}\) transitions is understood in terms of the fundamental symmetries on which the SM is built. 2020, 083C01 (2020). The resulting variations are typically at the permille level and hence well within the estimated systematic uncertainty on RK. Kaon and muon candidates are identified using the output of multivariate classifiers that exploit information from the tracking system, the ring-imaging Cherenkov detectors, the calorimeters and the muon chambers. Energy Phys. Rev. 2014, 125 (2014). J. High. The efficiency of the non-resonant B+K+e+e decay therefore needs to be known only relative to that of the resonant B+J/(e+e)K+ decay, rather than relative to the B+K++ decay. High Energy Phys. The top row shows the fit to the muon modes and the subsequent rows the fits to the electron modes triggered by (second row) one of the electrons, (third row) the kaon and (last row) by other particles in the event. Hirose, S. et al. A distinctive feature of the SM is that the different leptons, electron (e), muon () and tau (\(\tau^{-}\)), have the same interaction strengths. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Lett. LHCb collaboration Physics case for an LHCb upgrade IIopportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era. Lett. Correlations between different categories of selected events and data-taking periods are taken into account in these constraints. The data were recorded during 2011, 2012 and 20152018 with centre-of-mass energy of the collisions of 7, 8 and 13TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 9fb1. Such decays also exhibit some tension with the SM predictions but the extent of residual QCD effects is still the subject of debate3,21,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47. Extended Data Fig. 2 (Extended Data Fig. Phys. This is because a given set of values for the final-state particles momenta and angles in the B+ rest frame will result in a distribution of such values when transformed to the laboratory frame. New tests of lepton universality show the same pattern as deviations Search for B+K++ at the BaBar experiment. where N(X) indicates the yield of decay mode X and (X) is the efficiency for selecting decay mode X. Phys. 2015, 179 (2015). Individual groups or members have received support from ARC and ARDC (Australia); AvH Foundation (Germany); EPLANET, Marie Skodowska-Curie Actions and ERC (European Union); A*MIDEX, ANR, Labex P2IO and OCEVU, and Rgion Auvergne-Rhne-Alpes (France); Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS, CAS PIFI, CAS CCEPP, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and Sci. The LHCb collaboration et al. High Energy Phys. 178, 852867 (2008). Phys.) Aubert, B. et al. Lepton avour universality tests in electroweak penguin decays at LHCbSebastian Schmitt 1. The B+ momentum vector is required to be aligned with the vector connecting one of the PVs in the event (below referred to as the associated PV) and the B+ decay vertex. which does not benefit from the same cancellation of systematic effects. J. These decays all proceed via the same \(\overline{b}\to \overline{s}\) quark transition, and the results have therefore further increased interest in measurements of angular observables24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34 and branching fractions35,36,37,38 of decays mediated by \(\overline{b}\to \overline{s}{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\) transitions. The fits to the non-resonant (resonant) decay modes in different data-taking periods and trigger categories are shown in Extended Data Fig. High. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles 37), taking into account correlated systematic uncertainties. High. For the non-resonant B+K+e+e decays, the systematic uncertainties are dominated by the modelling of the signal and background components used in the fit. Phys. Rev. Such studies can help to explain the matter-antimatter asymmetryof the Universe. Hint of lepton flavour non-universality in B meson decays. Eur. Lett. Geant4 developments and applications, IEEE Trans. For the electron modes, in addition to combinatorial background, other specific background decays contribute significantly in the signal region. A comparison with previous measurements is shown in Fig. Charpentier,G. Ciezarek,M. Clemencic,J. Closier,V. Coco,P. Collins,T. Colombo,G. Corti,B. Couturier,C. DAmbrosio,P. dArgent,H. Dijkstra,L. Dufour,P. Durante,T. Evans,M. Fo,M. Ferro-Luzzi,R. Forty,M. Frank,C. Frei,W. Funk,S. Gambetta,C. Gaspar,C. Giugliano,E. L. Gkougkousis,E. Govorkova,L. A. Granado Cardoso,T. Gys,C. Haen,J. Haimberger,C. Hasse,M. Hatch,A. M. Hennequin,R. Jacobsson,S. Jakobsen,D. Johnson,B. Jost,N. Jurik,M. Karacson,F. Keizer,R. D. Krawczyk,D. Lacarrere,R. Lindner,B. Malecki,C. Marin Benito,L. Martinazzoli,R. Matev,Z. Mathe,M. Mazurek,M. Mikhasenko,M. Milovanovic,D. S. Mitzel,F. Muheim,M. Mulder,D. Mller,P. Muzzetto,N. Neufeld,P. R. Pais,A. Pearce,M. Pepe Altarelli,M. Petric,F. Pisani,S. Ponce,D. Popov,L. Promberger,P. Roloff,T. Ruf,M. Salomoni,H. Schindler,B. Schmidt,A. Schopper,R. Schwemmer,P. Seyfert,F. Stagni,S. Stahl,M. Szymanski,F. Teubert,E. Thomas,N. Tuning,A. Valassi,C. Vzquez Sierra,K. Wyllie&O. Zenaiev, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, M. Alexander,D. Bobulska,G. Coombs,L. Douglas,L. Eklund,D. A. Friday,I. Longstaff,M. Petric,G. Sarpis,M. Schiller,F. J. P. Soler&P. Spradlin, ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, A. Alfonso Albero,A. Camboni,J. M. Fernandez-tenllado Arribas,P. Garcia Moreno,L. Garrido,P. Gironella Gironell,S. Gomez Fernandez,E. Graugs,J. Mauricio&D. Sanchez Gonzalo, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, Z. Aliouche,R. J. Barlow,A. Bitadze,S. Borghi,J. L. Cobbledick,A. Davis,O. In addition to the LHCb result, the measurements by the BaBar15 and Belle13 collaborations, which combine B+K++ and \({B}^{0}\to {K}_{{{{\rm{S}}}}}^{0}{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}\) decays, are also shown. The top row shows the fit to the muon modes and the subsequent rows the fits to the electron modes triggered by (second row) one of the electrons, (third row) the kaon and (last row) by other particles in the event. Article On Drell-Yan production of scalar leptoquarks coupling to heavy-quark 118, 031802 (2017). Aaij, R. et al. (Left) the value of rJ/, relative to the average value of rJ/, measured in two-dimensional bins of the maximum lepton momentum, p(), and the opening angle between the two leptons, (+,). Exp. The standard model of particle physics currently provides our best description of fundamental particles and their interactions. The ratio between the branching fractions of these decays is therefore predicted with \({{{\mathcal{O}}}}(1 \%)\) precision3,4,5,6,7,8. The likelihood is non-Gaussian in the region RK>0.95 due to the comparatively low yield of B+K+e+e events. Isidori, G., Nabeebaccus, S. & Zwicky, R. QED corrections in \(\overline{B}\to \overline{K}{{{{\rm{\ell }}}}}^{+}{{{{\rm{\ell }}}}}^{-}\) at the double-differential level. 2021, 105 (2021). The determination of the rJ/ ratio requires control of the relative selection efficiencies for the resonant electron and muon modes and does not therefore benefit from the cancellation of systematic effects in the double ratio used to measure RK. Nucl. Test of lepton universality using B 0 K S0 l + l - and B + K* + l + l - decays. The overall effect of these corrections on the measured value of RK is a relative shift of (+31)%. Phys. 04, 016 (2017). Energy Phys. Bordone, M., Isidori, G. & Pattori, A. Phys. Phys. Rev. Hambrock, C., Hiller, G., Schacht, S. & Zwicky, R. BK* form factors from flavor data to QCD and back. After the application of the selection requirements, the resonant and non-resonant decays are clearly visible in the mass distributions (Fig. The analysis technique used to obtain the results presented in this paper is essentially identical to that used to obtain the previous LHCb RK measurement, described in ref. LHCb data used in this analysis will be released according to the LHCb external data access policy, which can be downloaded from http://opendata.cern.ch/record/410/files/LHCb-Data-Policy.pdf. The trigger selection algorithms are based on identifying key characteristics of B hadrons and their decay products, such as high pT final-state particles, and a decay vertex that is significantly displaced from any of the PVs in the event. Phys. Measurement of CP-averaged observables in the B0K*0+ decay. Test of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays, \({q}_{\min }^{2} < {q}^{2} < {q}_{\max }^{2}\), $${R}_{H}\equiv \frac{\int\nolimits_{{q}_{\min }^{2}}^{{q}_{\max }^{2}}\frac{{{{\rm{d}}}}{{{\mathcal{B}}}}\ \ (B\to H{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-})}{{{{\rm{d}}}}{q}^{2}}{{{\rm{d}}}}{q}^{2}}{\int\nolimits_{{q}_{\min }^{2}}^{{q}_{\max }^{2}}\frac{{{{\rm{d}}}}{{{\mathcal{B}}}}\ \ (B\to H{e}^{+}{e}^{-})}{{{{\rm{d}}}}{q}^{2}}{{{\rm{d}}}}{q}^{2}}\,.$$, \(\overline{b}\to \overline{s}{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\), \(\overline{b}\to \overline{c}{\ell }^{+}{\nu }_{\ell }\), \({B}^{+}\to {X}_{q\overline{q}}{K}^{+}\), $${R}_{K}=\frac{{{{\mathcal{B}}}}\ \ ({B}^{+}\to {K}^{+}{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-})}{{{{\mathcal{B}}}}\ \ ({B}^{+}\to J/\psi (\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}){K}^{+})}/\frac{{{{\mathcal{B}}}}\ \ ({B}^{+}\to {K}^{+}{e}^{+}{e}^{-})}{{{{\mathcal{B}}}}\ \ ({B}^{+}\to J/\psi (\to {e}^{+}{e}^{-}){K}^{+})}\ .$$, $${r}_{J/\psi }={{{\mathcal{B}}}}\ ({B}^{+}\to J/\psi (\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}){K}^{+})/{{{\mathcal{B}}}}\ ({B}^{+}\to J/\psi (\to {e}^{+}{e}^{-}){K}^{+}),$$, \({B}^{+}\to {\overline{D}}^{0}(\to {K}^{+}{e}^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{e}){e}^{+}{\nu }_{e}\), $$\begin{array}{l}{R}_{\psi (2S)}\\=\frac{{{{\mathcal{B}}}}\ ({B}^{+}\to \psi (2S)(\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}){K}^{+})}{{{{\mathcal{B}}}}\ ({B}^{+}\to J/\psi (\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}){K}^{+})}/\frac{{{{\mathcal{B}}}}\ ({B}^{+}\to \psi (2S)(\to {e}^{+}{e}^{-}){K}^{+})}{{{{\mathcal{B}}}}\ ({B}^{+}\to J/\psi (\to {e}^{+}{e}^{-}){K}^{+})}\ ,\end{array}$$, $${R}_{K}(1.1 < {q}^{2} < 6.0\,{{{{\rm{GeV}}}}}^{2}\,{c}^{-4})=0.84{6}_{-0.039-0.012}^{+0.042+0.013}\ ,$$, \({R}_{K}=0.84{6}_{-\ 0.041}^{+\ 0.044}\), \({B}^{0}\to {K}_{{{{\rm{S}}}}}^{0}{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}\), \({{{\rm{d}}}}{{{\mathcal{B}}}}\ ({B}^{+}\to {K}^{+}{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-})/{{{\rm{d}}}}{q}^{2}\), $$\begin{array}{rcl}\frac{{{{\rm{d}}}}{{{\mathcal{B}}}}\ ({B}^{+}\to {K}^{+}{e}^{+}{e}^{-})}{{{{\rm{d}}}}{q}^{2}}(1.1 < {q}^{2} < 6.0\,{{{{\rm{GeV}}}}}^{2}{c}^{-4})\\=(28. Phys. High. 82,83,84,85,86,87,88. & Langford J. 4. refers to partially reconstructed B hadron decays. J. Test of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays . The m(K++) mass ranges and the q2 regions used to select the different decay modes are shown in Extended Data Table 1. Such background is reduced to a negligible level by particle identification criteria. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Measurement of the branching ratio of \({\overline{B}}^{0}\to {D}^{* +}{\tau }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\tau }\) relative to \({\overline{B}}^{0}\to {D}^{* +}{\ell }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\ell }\) decays with a semileptonic tagging method. The fit projections are superimposed, with dotted lines describing the signal contribution and solid areas representing each of the background components described in the text and listed in the legend.
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