nasal congestion after drinking beernasal congestion after drinking beer

nasal congestion after drinking beer nasal congestion after drinking beer

User without create permission can create a custom object from Managed package using Custom Rest API, Generating points along line with specifying the origin of point generation in QGIS. Sinus congestion that clears up within a day or so after drinking alcohol typically poses no cause for concern. Samters Triad is a chronic condition characterized by asthma, sinus inflammation with recurring nasal polyps, and aspirin sensitivity. All rights reserved. If your symptoms are mild, try switching to another brand to see if you can drink it without any issues. In other words, it progressively gets worse the more you consume. And, this can contribute to facial redness. Last medically reviewed on June 17, 2017, Drinking can be a fun way to socialize, but few people talk about a very common aftereffect of sipping adult beverages: diarrhea. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. When does sinus congestion clear up after drinking alcohol? Sense of smell is probably number one for these patients, in terms of the thing they want back the most. 5/21/2012 Sudden onset of symptoms may also be caused by a newly developed intolerance. Be sure to tell your doctor if youre taking any medications or supplements. Alcohol is a sedative and a depressant that affects the central nervous system. By continuing to browse this site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. The reason that AERD also has symptoms after drinking is due to chemicals in the alcohol that block an enzyme called cyclooxygenase, which makes people with AERD develop sinus and asthma symptoms. Its also found in many foods and beverages, especially fermented products. Its used to treat allergy. Hops are very well know to cause stuffiness and allergic reaction. Since alcohol dehydrates you, it follows that consuming it can worsen the symptoms of sinusitis. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. If you are dehydrated your sinuses may become clogged and irritated. Red wine tends to have higher levels of histamine than white wine or beer. For many generations, dairy has been thought to promote the . Takao A, et al. Consider Medications . Harvard Health. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. On top of this, the condition may also impair their sense of smell and taste due to nasal symptoms. Nausea from Alcohol: Here's Why You're Feeling Sick After Drinking Small Amounts of Alcohol, Healthy Mixed Drinks to Enjoy Your Night Out Guilt-Free. We avoid using tertiary references. Some people with Hodgkins lymphoma experience pain after drinking alcohol. A food allergy is your . University of Maryland Medical Center. This is a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. J Allergy Clin Immunol, February 2003; 111(1):S98-S99 (abstract). Do you constantly experience nasal congestion after drinking alcohol? Asthma symptoms (wheezing, coughing, chest tightness) Allergic rhinitis (nasal congestion, sneezing, itching) Hives. My symptoms include nausea, bad headaches and nasal congestion. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. It is beneficial for those suffering from nasal congestion caused by alcohol to use Sunset's . Are you intolerant or allergic to a specific ingredient? Worsening of pre-existing asthma Runny or stuffy nose Low blood pressure Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea When to see a doctor Having a mild intolerance to alcohol or something else in alcoholic beverages might not require a trip to a doctor. Discussion: Only acetic acid, a metabolite of alcohol, induced a positive prick test in the patient with alcohol-induced urticaria. Does anyone know what's wrong with me? Early this month at the Mavericks game he had a similar episode after drinking Miller Light. The Mayo Clinic says that the most common signs include a stuffy nose, hives, low blood . This is an odd question, but one that I have wondered about for a long time. 94% of people who try Sunset are satisfied with the results. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) is an enzyme that your body uses to digest alcohol. Nusem, D., & Panasoff, J. Aspirin desensitization has other benefits. Alcohol: Intolerance syndromes, urticarial and anaphylactoid reactions. Symptoms can include hives, wheezing, and chest pain. Sebastopol, CA 95473, blog I wrote about food intolerances vs food allergies, Essential Oils for Overall Respiratory Health. Bryant AJ, et al. They may also conduct blood tests. Many people experience cold-like symptoms after drinking alcohol, including getting a stuffy nose. Why do I get sinus headaches when I drink alcohol? Turns out, your whiskey sour might be whats making you feel congested. When many people with AERD drink alcohol, they develop nasal congestion, a runny nose, wheezing, or shortness of breath. Drug interactions can occur when taking a medication with other substances that alter how that medication works. Has the Melford Hall manuscript poem "Whoso terms love a fire" been attributed to any poetDonne, Roe, or other? The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Other possible triggers include strong smells and exposure to cold air, among others. The blood vessels around your nasal cavity can expand, making it a bit more difficult to breathe normally. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Nusem D, Panasoff J Alcohol intolerance: Definition, Mayo Clinic Staff. An over-the-counter antihistamine may also help with mild symptoms. A food allergy is your immune systems response to a food protein that the body sees as harmful. For example, if you drink a small amount you might merely get a stuffy nose, but if you keep drinking you might get asthma and after that hives. He was at an airport in January and had a Shiners Beer and within 15 minutes developed nasal congestion, hoarseness and chest tightness along with sneezing spells. No more stressing over social settings where alcoholic beverages may be present - no more limiting yourself to just a single drink because you don't want to deal with congestion the next morning. Why Alcohol Causes Sinus Congestion 1 Vasodilation. During a skin prick test, your doctor will use a lancet to prick or scratch your skin. Many people report that red wine causes the most noticeable nasal congestion, even in those without an alcohol allergy or alcohol intolerance. What Does It Mean to Have a Beer Allergy? Are hidden ingredients in your beer making you sick? You might try switching the type or brand of alcoholic beverage you typically drink or the foods you eat along with your drink to see if you can avoid this unpleasant symptom. If youre allergic to another ingredient contained in certain alcoholic products, switching to a different drink might be an option. Drinking too much can cause the familiar hangover and the general feeling of being unwell. (2015, August 10). An alcohol intolerance is commonly mistaken for an alcohol allergy and is often misdiagnosed. Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Yes, the consumption of alcohol has been linked to nasal congestion in some people due to the way they digest it. He does have a history of anaphylaxis to Motrin and avoids all NSAIDS currently. Doctors, including Bosso, had heard stories before from people with AERD that they could drink alcohol again after aspirin desensitization. If you have a true alcohol allergy, the only way to avoid symptoms is to avoid alcohol entirely. Alcohol is broken down into different chemicals by the liver. Otherwise, fear not its totally normal to feel stuffy after boozing. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". How to prevent nasal congestion from alcohol. You might try switching the type or brand of alcoholic beverage you typically drink or the foods you eat along with your drink to see if you can avoid this unpleasant symptom. @AlaskaMan I checked last time and there was no tissue paper in my nose so this was not the cause of the stuffiness. Sinus congestion that clears up within a day or so after drinking alcohol typically poses no cause for concern. We avoid using tertiary references. Millions of people worldwide deal with a condition called Asian Flush. Alcohol Consumption Nasal stuffiness occurs in some individuals after drinking because alcohol tends to expand and swell blood vessels. See additional information. nasal congestion swelling of the face or forehead These headaches can last between 15 minutes and 3 hours. Drinking alcohol, especially red wine and beer, can also cause sinus pressure and congestion. A skin rash or a sinus condition with swelling, irritation, and pain are some of the hops allergy symptoms. Benadryl is the brand-name version of an antihistamine called diphenhydramine. 8 What foods can cause sinus pressure and congestion? I would like help in the evaluation and management of a patient who had a reaction to ingested beer (Shiners and Miller Light) in January and most recently early this month. If you have symptoms of an allergy after drinking beer, you should see your doctor. Many people with Hodgkins lymphoma develop enlarged lymph nodes. Learn about the causes and treatment for vancomycin flushing syndrome (VFS). Sunset works with the body to break down alcohol quickly and effectively, so you dont experience the negative symptoms. That's what friends are for. This site uses cookies. Nevertheless, you want to learn about preventing or treating the congestion so you can wake up feeling refreshed - even after heaving a few too many. It can be tricky to nail down the true cause of nasal congestion from alcohol. If you have alcohol intolerance, your digestive system doesnt process alcohol properly. 4 Vasomotor Rhinitis. All Rights Reserved. Osaka Kouseinenkin Hospital, Osaka-city, Japan. Case Summary: We performed a prick test with diluted ethanol, alcohol beverages and their metabolites (acetaldehyde, acetic acid). Press ESC to cancel. Peng Y, et al. These usually start within an hour of having a drink. This can sound really scary - but don't stress. Although the main ingredient in beer is water, there are many other ingredients. About 5 percent of children have a food allergy, but many outgrow those allergies by adulthood. Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security. True alcohol allergy is rare, but the reactions can be severe. rapid heart . Here are the facts when it comes to alcohol intolerance: What does this all mean? Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Whiskey is an effective decongestant. Has poor winter weather made this allergy season one to dread or is climate change to blame? Nonallergic rhinitis can affect children and adults. People with alcohol intolerance may also experience nasal congestion after drinking alcohol. Abstract (2013). Allergies. The steam from the hot beverages works with the decongestant benefits of the alcohol and makes it easier for the mucus membranes to deal with nasal congestion. An allergist is a special type of doctor that focuses on allergic conditions. Alcohol. Find out what the signs are and what you, Over-the-counter treatments are available for seasonal allergies, but many people prefer natural treatments instead. Science has shown that wine, beer and liquor contain histamine, which is what provokes common allergy symptoms. This can potentially lead to dehydration with increased thickness of the mucus in your nose and sinuses that might lead to congestion. Common high-histamine foods frequently paired with beer or wine include: Like many medical terms, vasomotor rhinitis sounds ominous but generally is not. Learn how drug interactions may. Unfortunately for wine-lovers, theres a lot of things in wine that can cause negative reactions or intolerances. It could just be the beer, or it could be something more serious: a beer allergy. His diet has not changed and he does not think it is a food item that triggered this episode. Certain medications can often relieve congestion or a runny nose that interferes with sleep. 6. The moral of the story: If youre having any disconcerting symptoms, such as trouble breathing, seek immediate medical care. The reactions can range from mild to life-threatening. Lets face it when youre hungover, youre probably not thinking about your sinuses. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Stuffy or runny nose - adult. The condition occurs because drinking can swell the blood vessels in your nose, making it harder to breathe. (2010). This includes: An allergic reaction to food usually happens within a couple of hours. Press the space key then arrow keys to make a selection. Can. The condition involves development of upper airway-related symptoms in response to environmental triggers, including drinking alcohol. But it's more common after age 20. If you've ever wondered - why does my face get red when I drink - this could be why. Some types of sulfites might also trigger an asthmatic attack if you have asthma. . People with alcohol intolerance may also experience a stuffy nose after drinking. This is also known as a food intolerance. Sunset works with the body to break down alcohol quickly and effectively, so you dont experience the negative symptoms. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Sure - stuffy nose after drinking sucks. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. There is a fairly rich bibliography regarding reactions to alcohol as well as other contents in beer, and for your convenience, I have copied below some references as well as abstracts which discuss this issue in more detail. Hint: You may be allergic to booze. Alcohol intolerance is different than an allergy. Alcohol dilates the blood vessels, making it easier for the mucus membranes to deal with the infection. A person with histamine sensitivity may experience respiratory symptoms, like a runny nose or excessive sneezing, after drinking alcohol. Anaphylactoid reaction to ethanol. Allergies to alcohol are rare, however the most common symptom of one is nasal congestion, or allergic rhinitis. The more you drink the more severe the reaction. After drinking beer, it might also cause a runny nose, sneezing, or congestion. Pongdee T. (2011). If you're intolerant or allergic to a specific ingredient - the easiest way to avoid nasal congestion in this situation is to avoid that specific ingredient. Alcohol is a toxic substance. People with this gene deficiency suffer two-fold from allergic symptoms to alcohol. P.O. What Is Vancomycin Flushing Syndrome (VFS)? If you, Tracking your nutrition has so many benefits, from helping to manage food intolerances to increasing energy, avoiding mood swings, and fueling the. Alcohol is not good for the body. Updated June 26, 2018. Mayo Clinic Staff. Urticarial reaction caused by ethanol. People of Chinese, Japanese and/or Korean descent often have a variant of one or both enzymes that leads to an impaired ability to metabolize alcohol. Reducing dependence on decongestant nasal sprays. diarrhea. Most people have an allergic reaction to the histamines in wine, which causes flushing of the face and neck and nasal congestion. And, for whatever reason, the female participants were twice as likely to be affected by their drinks. If so, these could be signs that you have an intolerance to alcohol. Some people have malfunctioning ALDH genes. The safest option is to avoid alcohol altogether when taking Claritin and similar medications. Your skins reaction can help them learn if you have an allergy. True beer allergies are rare. What is the difference between alcohol allergy and intolerance? However, just because it's a common occurrence, doesn't mean it's pleasant! Alcohol intolerance is not far behind. Baraka Neti Pots In this article . To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Allergen cross-reactivity between grains, with particular attention to wheat and barley, Mayo Clinic Staff. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. He had flushing but no hives or angioedema. Also increased blood pressure and blood flow could just cause your sinuses to become temporarily swollen following heavy drinking. This effect can also make you feel hot when you drink alcohol, but it can also lead to short-term nasal congestion. What does that mean? Correlation between alcohol-induced asthma and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genotype. If you have an alcohol allergy, your immune system over-reacts to alcohol. An antidepressant called trazodone was mixed up with sildenafil, a drug used for erectile dysfunction. Even those who only deal with nasal congestion from alcohol can benefit from Sunsets ingredients. Dairy. An oral challenge test with 8% diluted Shochu (Japanese distilled alcohol from rice or wheat) caused wheals on his upper back. The alcohol dilates the blood vessels. Dr. Tina M. St. John owns and operates a health communications and consulting firm. Everything we consume is broken down by enzymes in our bodies. In the most severe cases, a food or drink allergy can lead to anaphylaxis. Allergic, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Common signs and symptoms of Asian Flush include: Sunset Alcohol Flush Support is a natural supplement that works specifically to reduce all of these symptoms, including a stuffy nose after drinking alcohol. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Ask your doctor for more information about your diagnosis and treatment options. Also below are the responses to similar questions sent to our website. Allergy testing should always be done in a medical setting. For some people, dairy products can cause mucus to thicken up, and that may cause sinus pressure and congestion.. Your symptoms can also be due to an interaction between beer or alcohol and any medication youre taking. HowStuffWorks.com Contributors Some limited research and anecdotal claims suggest that certain foods may worsen nasal congestion in those with sinusitis. Alcohol intolerance is another possibility. You can do this with a small bulb syringe or a neti pot. In very rare cases, reactions to alcohol may be a sign of Hodgkins lymphoma. Is there a way to combat a stuffy nose from drinking? The symptoms of wine or other alcohol allergies can be similar to those of other food allergies. This occurs because alcohol triggers expansion of the blood vessels near you body surfaces including the lining of you nose and sinuses. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition. Lack of smell can rob people of many of lifes pleasures, such as enjoying their food. Drinking less and drinking more result in a clear nose and no stuffiness. Aging reduces the bodys ability to metabolize alcohol; thus what you drank in your 30s without any noticeable reaction can now cause things like congestion or asthma in your 50s. But in this recent study published July 10th in the International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology, Bosso and his colleagues asked 37 people undergoing aspirin desensitization a series of questions about their intolerance to alcohol after surgery. For some people, dairy products can cause mucus to thicken up, and that may cause sinus pressure and congestion.. Gluten and sinuses has not been thoroughly studied. Or, maybe youre sensitive to sulfites or other chemicals in alcoholic beverages, resulting in nausea or headaches. Alcohol intolerance is more common. I think it sometimes even causes them to be somewhat depressed and upset about the disease, said Bosso, director of Penn Medicines Otorhinolaryngology Allergy Clinic and medical director of the Penn AERD Center in Philadelphia. Drinking can harm your immune system: If you're taking Sudafed . Can a sinus infection be caused by alcohol? When you drink and pass out, fall down your friend puts tissue paper, if you are lucky, or some food product up your nose and posts the photos on fecesbook . Thank you again for your inquiry and we hope this response is helpful to you. Sudden onset of symptoms may also be caused by a newly developed intolerance. A., Wang,H. A., Ring,J. Alcohol intolerance associated with Hodgkins lymphoma. More likely, youre allergic to or sensitive to a particular ingredient in that beer. Can my creature spell be countered if I cast a split second spell after it? An allergic reaction to food usually happens within a couple of hours. Depending on the brand, the ingredients may include: In the United States, about 2 to 3 percent of adults have some type of food allergy. It's time to regain your confidence and social life. The exact cause of this response is unknown. Hot beverage steam, which has decongestant properties, aids in the elimination of nasal congestion, making it easier for mucus membranes to deal with congestion. They will apply a drop of allergen extract to the pricked or scratched area. It turns alcohol into acetic acid, a main component of vinegar, in your liver. According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI), most people with AERD need to take daily medications to control their symptoms. Red wines are the biggest culprits when it comes to histamines, having between 60 to 3,800 micrograms per glass versus white wine, which has between 3 and 120. Typically, these lymph nodes arent painful. One natural treatment is local, Sometimes your immune system will identify a substance as harmful, even though it isn't. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Box 101 Alcohol intolerance: Symptoms. Mixing Claritin and alcohol can cause side effects. Nonallergic rhinitis involves sneezing or a stuffy, drippy nose. However, also other alcoholic drinks were reported to cause nasal symptoms (Table 4).ANS associated with intake of red and white wine as well as sherry and report was more common among women than men, while ANS following intake of whisky was more common in men. In some cases, they might use an oral challenge test to diagnose an allergy or intolerance. This is, at least in part, because your body needs more water and becomes dehydrated more easily when it's producing higher than normal amounts of mucus. As a result, their bodies produce inactive ALDH enzymes that are unable to properly break down the alcohol into acetic vinegar. This variant is more common in people of Asian descent. These antibodies trigger an allergic reaction in your body. This medication is also called adrenaline. Annals of Allergy 1992; 69(5):463. Second, because ALDH is also the enzyme that is supposed to metabolise histamine, people with alcohol allergies suffer from excessive amounts of undigested histamine in their systems, leading to allergy-like symptoms such as nasal congestion and mild flushing immediately upon consuming even minute amounts of alcohol. Its important to have medical treatment available. 4. Use it at the first sign of a severe allergic reaction. Sinus Congestion. OMGFacts makes you the most interesting person in the room. Pain after drinking alcohol has been associated with Hodgkin lymphoma. What possible health benefits are there with drinking alcohol in moderation? In some people, these reactions look like allergy symptoms even though they dont have a true allergy to alcohol. Your body primarily breaks down alcohol in two steps, each dependent on a separate enzyme. This genetic condition most commonly occurs in people of East Asian descent. Dont mix Benadryl and alcohol . Song,Z. Suffering from stuffy nose after drinking alcoholic beverages is nothing more than a discomfort/annoyance. 5. They can include: The only solution for alcohol intolerance is to completely avoid alcohol. Alcohol intolerance can run in families. Mixing alcohol with Mucinex and its ingredients guaifenesin and acetaminophen can cause: drowsiness. This is sometimes called: This genetic condition means that you experience negative symptoms when drinking alcohol because your body is unable to process it properly. Why do my sinuses swell when I drink alcohol? You could be in this category, too. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. We have plenty of reasons on alcohol intolerances, allergies and what to do next. You could take an anti-histamine (Zyrtec or Benadryl) before you drink and see if that helps. But even with our guide on how to get rid of a hangover, you may want to dig deeper beyond the simple remedies and solutions to determine whether there is a real cause for concern here. Review our cookies information for more details. According to the FDA, about 1% of people are sensitive to sulfites a group of compounds found in wine and beer. Ormerod AD and Holt PJA. 4. Its available in preloaded syringes, known as epinephrine auto-injectors (e.g., EpiPen). In some cases, over-the-counter or prescribed medications might help alleviate symptoms. Why the obscure but specific description of Jane Doe II in the original complaint for Westenbroek v. Kappa Kappa Gamma Fraternity? Sometimes migraine-like headaches can cause a runny nose. Ask to be tested for ingredients commonly found in beer, such as wheat, barley, and sorghum. It is clearly inflammation as blowing my nose results in no production and nasal spray such as Afrin alleviates it. Here are 21 common signs to look, A gluten intolerance or sensitivity is the bodys inability to digest or break down the gluten protein found in wheat and certain other grains. Beer anaphylaxis. It also includes at least one of the following three features: The headache occurs on both sides of the head. Lancet 1983; 483. rev2023.5.1.43405. First, the body produces histamines in response to the presence of the alcohol that the body is unable to digest. Try one of these 10 delicious brands. If you have any of these symptoms, you should seek emergency medical care. However, if you relax most nights with an alcoholic beverage and have alcohol intolerance, you might experience congestion and other related issues 24/7. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Acute urticaria due to alcohol. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Alcohol intolerance is a temporary reaction to alcohol. Although allergies to alcohol are rare, one of the most common symptoms of an allergy to alcohol is nasal congestion, also known as allergic rhinitis; caused by the inflammatory effect of the histamine produced by the body in response to the presence of alcohol. This time his symptoms resolved spontaneously in about two hours although he was uncomfortable with the symptoms. This is caused by inherited (genetic) traits most often found in Asians. Haden JR and Khan DA. Whiskey is an effective decongestant. Some people have an intolerance or sensitivity to sulfites. Why Does My Face Get Red When I Workout? I think its made their lives a little bit more normal.. In rare cases, pain after drinking alcohol might be a sign that you have Hodgkin's lymphoma. He also reports postnasal drainage, cough, rhinorrhea, and facial pressure. 5 Genetic Causes. hoarseness. When many people with AERD drink alcohol, they develop nasal congestion, a runny nose, wheezing, or shortness of breath. He was at an airport in January and had a Shiners Beer and within 15 minutes developed nasal congestion, hoarseness and chest tightness along with sneezing spells. Nasal irrigation is an easy way to help prevent and treat sinus problems, according to Harvard Health Publishing . It also may cause irritation or pain in the area over the stomach, esophagus , pancreas, gallbladder, and liver. I dont think [alcohol tolerance] is the selling point for why people should undergo treatment exclusively, said Bosso. Giphy. Because there are membranes lining the nasal cavities, when they swell after consuming alcohol, your nose may become blocked or stuffy. A., Luo,J. People should limit alcohol while taking pseudoephedrine. This incomplete processing of the alcohol can cause the body to react by producing symptoms that reflect an allergy to the alcohol. Some of the reported symptoms include: runny nose or nasal congestion a burning or itching. Alcohol does not need to pass through the digestive tract in order to be digested; rather, it is absorbed directly into the blood stream. Learn more about yeast allergies, their symptoms, and how to effectively treat them. This is due to the way some people digest the alcohol. Sticherling M and Brasch J. Beer and whiskey also can cause reactions because both are made from four common allergens: yeast, hops, barley, and wheat. Have you ever gotten a stuffy nose after a glass of red wine? A., Chen,W. B., Huang,X. In rare cases, severe allergic reactions can be fatal. These symptoms resolved within 1-2 hrs after taking a Claritin. Its possible to develop an alcohol allergy at any point in your life. In addition to aspirin, a group of naturally occurring substances found in plants known as polyphenols can also block cyclo-oxygenase, the AAAAI writes. 7. Stuffy Nose. The body produces a special enzyme in the liver, known as Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes, to break down and oxidize the alcohol in a process that turns the alcoholic substances into acetic acid (vinegar), from which some energy can be obtained. 2013;755:213-20. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4546-9_27. Source

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