do psa help reduce distracted driving incidents do psa help reduce distracted driving incidents
These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. In line with past literature, a gender discrepancy did appear in responses to the PSA. The questionnaire focused mainly on the behavior of texting while driving because, according to the Lennon, Rentfro and OLeary (2010) ). Choose one of the following questions to answer for the argument essay in this module.Does our state do enough to prevent distracted driving?orCan a Public Service Announcement (PSA) help reduce the number of distracted driving incidents?Part OneWrite the claim you will present in your argument essay. But in fact, these technologies distract our brains even long after youve used them.. This study took a quantitative approach to examine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, and answered the aforementioned research questions. Course Number: Date: Can A PSA Help Reduce Distracted Driving Accidents? 1 out of 4 car crashes in the US is caused by texting while driving. Venkatraman, V., Richard, C. M., Magee, K., & Johnson, K. (2021). Its a powerful statement: children learn behavior from parents and its up to adults to be good role models while driving. By making these modifications, the study results could be generalized to the larger population. 10 CDC's GDL Planning Guide CDC twenty four seven. review of fear-inducing advertisements. Texting behind the wheel makes you 23 times more likely to crash, and reduces your reaction time by 35% A public service announcement wouldn't effectively reduce the amount of distracted drivers. All Rights Reserved, National Sheriffs' Educational Foundation, Domestic Violence & Crime Victim Services, Inmate Health Care & Recidivism Task Force, National Law Enforcement Center on Animal Abuse, NSA Crisis Management & Communication Training, Occupant Protection/Child Passenger Safety. In an attempt to combat this dangerous practice, various organizations concerned about public safety, such as municipal police departments, the Department of Transportation and even wireless telephone companies, have created advertisements and public service announcements. Is Parallel Parking On The Driving Test In Ny? Moreover, stronger emphasis should be placed on reaching males in the target audience, as they appear to respond less to public service announcement messages. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety tracks. Brennan & Binney, 2010 Lewis, Watson, Tay amd White (2007) Schoenbachler & Whittler, 1996: p. 52 Hastings, Stead, & Webb, 2004: pp. Lewis, Watson, Tay, & White, 2007 ). Efforts to reduce the prevalence of distracted driving come in all sizes, from government-run public awareness campaigns to guides for safety professionals on how to reduce distracted driving (and other types of distraction in the workplace) to reduce injuries and protect workers. LaTour & Zahra, 1989: p. 61 In 2022, the U.S. Department of Transportation released the, In 2021, Congress provided resources to add distracted driving awareness as part of drivers license exams as part of the. In addition to providing great turns of phrase like stupid death by smartphone, it also offers a common-sense solution (with no handholding required). The number of distracted driving incidents can be reduced by public service announcements. Get the Message is available for download on www.distraction.gov. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. RQ 2 explored what, if any, differences exist between males and females with regard to their response after viewing the PSA. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration administered a survey in 2009 that reflected an increased frequency of electronic device use while people were driving ( Lewis, Watson, & Tay, 2007: p. 49 Lewis, Watson, Tay and White (2007) He drove into oncoming traffic, and their vehicle was struck by a tractor-trailer. Yet, despite this response, the subjects also reported a higher level of intent to behave in the ways depicted in the ads; this reaction is known as the boomerang effect ( The third research question sought to determine whether or not the third-person effect would occur within the sample of students. The national distracted driving effort focuses on ways to change the behavior of drivers through legislation, enforcement, public awareness, and education. 39% of high school students who drove in the past 30 days texted or emailed while driving on at least one of those days. Many government agencies and nonprofit organizations in the United States utilize social marketing; their prerogative is to induce those who view the advertisement (i.e. Though Ask the driver to focus on driving. Distracted driving is one of the fastest growing safety issues on the roads today. There is an app called "OnMyWay", that will pay a person five cents for every mile they drive without going on their phone. Ricks proposal has the added benefit of dealing with the problem of phantom callsand pointing out how little drivers can be trusted to do whats right in the moment. Among these younger drivers, 9% of them were distracted at the time of the crash. But instead of trying to break a habit of texting and driving, it forces young drivers to use their cellphones while the car is in motion. Joe died the next day from his injuries. In 2007, Washington state became the first state to ban texting while driving. Argument OrganizerChoose one of the following questions to answer for the argument essay in this module.Does our state do enough to prevent distracted driving?orCan a Public Service Announcement (PSA) help reduce the number of distracted driving incidents?Part OneWrite the claim you will present in your argument essay.Write the counterclaim that you will refute in your argument essay. To honor her brother's memory, Loren Vaillancourt has been using her visibility as Miss South Dakota 2010 to speak with schools and organizations throughout her state about the dangers of distracted driving. ; "This latest operating system includes a Do Not Disturb While Driving mode (DND) that can block notification of incoming calls and texts when your iPhone senses driving motion or is connected. Amos Johnson Asheville, North CarolinaWATCH: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcRTwKminbQOn May 10, 2010, 16-year-old Ashley Johnson was killed when she lost control of her vehicle, crossed the center line, and hit a pickup truck head-on. . ). As cited by other researchers, their model considered the role of the social context of the coping response to a threat communication, introduced the notion that responses may be due to factors other than the communication itself, and emphasized, rather than minimized, the role of emotion ( points out, one can die by being a distracted driver themselves or as a victim of another individual driving in that manner. ). Cramer, Mayer and Ryan (2007) A thirty-second PSA from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administrations Put it down campaign entitled BAM! was chosen as the studys media clip because it was brief, current, and utilized a fear appeal. Lennon, Rentfro, & OLeary, 2010 ; Bruner, 2009 Reduce distractions for the driver by assisting with navigation or other tasks. These campaigns generally fall under the umbrella term of social marketing. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". WASHINGTON U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood today released a new public service announcement (PSA) promoting the U.S. Department of Transportations Faces of Distracted Driving series, which has been viewed over 100,000 times since its launch in November 2010. Relationship between Gender and Response to Fear Appeals. Advances in Journalism and Communication,03,71-78. Students who texted or emailed while driving were also more likely to report other transportation risk behaviors. Por favor escolha a sua regio Seeing as both males and females have the capacity to engage in distracted driving and they are both included in the target audience of PSAs designed to discourage such behavior, it is reasonable to study how each gender responds to the social marketing messages they encounter. Wilson & Stimpson, 2010: p. 2213 Beyond just debating its efficacy, past research has also considered what ethical issues can arise from the use of fear-based appeals in social marketing. To do this, a chi-square test was run for gender and intention to text while driving. This phenomenon is an important topic of study because it is prevalent in American society and can have grave consequences. Texting and driving is the leading cause of car accidents in the US. found the third-person effect to play out within their study participants. PSAs are effective in reducing driving incidents, they allow watchers to see for themselves the dreadful impacts of texting and driving, PSAs convince and remind the watcher to not text and drive at the same time. ; Many states have enacted laws to help prevent distracted driving. Lewis, Watson and Tay (2007) ; Fortunately, after some eye-opening training on a closed track, Josh comes to see firsthand just how risky it is to mentally multitask while driving. ). According to a study posted on toddminerlaw's website it states that research hasshown that Florida is the second worst state in the us for distracted driving. Andersons (1995) This rant is a segment from Canadas Rick Mercer Report. Approximately 60% of the sample rated the PSA to be on the Unpleasant side. LaTour and Zahras (1989) Yellman, M.A., Bryan, L., Sauber-Schatz, E.K., Brener, N. (2020). Lewis, Watson and Tay (2007) Fear appeals have commonly been utilized to prevent people, adolescents mainly, from engaging in such behavior. Efforts to stop people from texting while driving are not working, as shown by the numbers. Distracted Driving Car Accidents in California The statistics prove this: Nearly 60% of drivers in California say that they have been in an accident or nearly hit by a distracted driver. Bitte whlen Sie Ihre Region aus. ). Part . The male adolescents in their sample expressed the opinion that others would be more affected by the advertisements than they would be; females, on the other hand, expressed reverse third-person effects in that they believed the advertisements influenced themselves more than other people (p. 48). This issue presents a problem for social marketers because the advertisements they create are seemingly reached by primarily one gender instead of both. ). By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Texting is just too common to be stopped with only a PSA. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2011), Lennon, Rentfro, & OLeary, 2010: p. 96, Lennon, Rentfro, & OLeary, 2010: p. 95, Dahl, Frankenberger. Tanner, Hunt and Eppright (1991) Lewis, Watson, Tay, & White, 2007: p. 213 Table 24 summarizes the self-reported information about the subjects' driving experiences. In addition, some researchers believe that explicit, fear-arousing content in social marketing is not very effectual on their target audience because todays youth have had much greater exposure than previous generations to graphic images and other fear messages ( A self-report questionnaire with 26 questions was developed to assess some demographic information about respondents, their perceptions of the PSA, and their intent to engage in a particular distracted driving behavior, text messaging while driving. Hastings, Stead, & Webb, 2004: p. 975 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2011) Half the screen shows the driver and the other half shows the road. Can You Shoot A Hawk If It Is Killing Your Chickens? Texting or emailing while driving was more common among older students than younger students (see figure below) and more common among White students (44%) than Black (30%) or Hispanic students (35%). Hastings, Stead and Webb (2004) In 2009, nearly 5,500 people died and half a million were injured in accidents involving a distracted driver. With this in mind, it may be necessary for social marketing messages to either include more intense fear-arousing content or try an alternative approach altogether if they are to successfully impact young adults. Distraction can be broken down into three overarching types. Anderson, 1995: pp. Murry, Stam, & Lastovicka, 1996: p. 1 Concerns Regarding the Use of Fear Appeals. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Chaudhary, N.K., Casanova-Powell, T.D., Cosgrove, L., Reagan, I., & Williams, A. Kelson died the next day. As quoted by Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Schoenbachler & Whittler, 1996 Suddenly, the ad shocks the audience by showing each driver crash their vehicle as a result of their distraction. (2019). One tactic that is commonly found in these messages and studied in past research is the use of shocking content and/or appeals to fear ( They were: more likely to not always wear a seat belt; more likely to ride with a driver who had been drinking alcohol; and. Crash reconstruction reports showed the driver could not have been looking at the road for 8.75 seconds. Again, there was a statistically significant relationship found between these variables (2 = 12.856, p = 0.012). In line with this research, The females reacted more favorably to the message and content in the announcement than did the males; furthermore, males believed that punitive measures by law enforcement, such as getting ticketed or arrested, were more useful means of preventing unsafe driving ( Distracted driving is dangerous, claiming 3,142 lives in 2020. The results showed that a statistically significant relationship exists between these two variables (2 = 23.867, p = 0.000). ; Part One 1. Roughly equivalent percentages of the sample expressed they Liked and Disliked the PSA with the modal response being neutral. ). However, males as a group appear less influenced by physical appeals intending to target them ( If a person tries to text or call while they are driving, they don't get any money. The goal behind this strategy is grounded in the notion that fear makes individuals feel tense and anxious, thus they will seek ways to reduce these feelings ( She was texting at the time of the crash. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. To honor Alex's memory, her family Jeanne, Johnny Mac, and 12-year-old Katrina formed an anti-distracted driving advocacy group, the Remember Alex Brown Foundation. PSAs will not work even knowing the risks and hearing repeated warnings, individuals will always do what they want. U Text. . Related research on physical threat appeals has found that, when compared to other messages, adolescents react more positively to public service announcements that depict negative social consequences ( ). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. believe that these types of advertisements are useful to society because they promote individuals to consider others and act in their best interest. more likely to drive after drinking alcohol. High school student, Rachael Diaz wrote a 30 second public service announcement about teens and distracted driving for her video production class, winning first prize in the first Drive Safe Chicago PSA contest sponsored by the Chicago Auto Show and the National . ). These results are highly representative of normal driving populations, where most respondents have not been involved in a collision or received a moving violation within the past 5 years. ). The driver, an 18-year-old man, had picked up his phone to make a call and didn't see the light turn. Intentions to engage in distracted driving were measured by asking students to rate their agreement or disagreement regarding the likelihood that they would text while driving and speak up when they were passengers with a driver who is texting. Texting or emailing while driving was as common among students whose grades were mostly As or Bs as among students with mostly Cs, Ds, or Fs. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 55-56 ; Affective response (general) scale. Nicholson & Xiao, 2011: p. 2529 These questionnaires were removed from the sample. The national distracted driving effort focuses on ways to change the behavior of drivers through legislation, enforcement, public awareness, and education. However, debate over the effectiveness of these tactics as well as controversy about the extreme graphic content sometimes found in the ads still exists. This semantic differential 5-point scale uses three items to measure a respondents emotional reaction to a stimulus, in this case a PSA. Currently, the main source of distracted driving is cell phones. Distracted driving is a terrifyingly common problem. Lewis, Watson, Tay, & White, 2007 A reliable construct, it has a reported Cronbach alpha of 0.95 ( The results of their study showed that shocking content in an advertisement significantly increases attention, benefits memory, and positively influences behavior among the sample ( Lewis, Watson, & Tay, 2007 20 percent of the distracted driving accidents have been fatal. This tactic is relevant to the present studys topic because, according to The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Despite the popular use of fear appeals in social marketing, and especially in road safety advertising, inconsistent opinions remain regarding the effectiveness of this strategy ( Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Studying the dataset in SPSS led to some conclusions about the sample. Both of these associations suggest that the third-person effect was not present in this sample because students first-person opinions and their opinions concerning others moved in the same direction. Find out makes a great PSA along with the best PSA examples from the award-winning video experts at RaffertyWeiss. Based on. The subjects will be shown one time a thirty- second public service announcement from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administrations campaign against distracted driving. 2.3. This campaign is aimed at teen drivers to help reduce the risks of distracted driving-related car accidents in Massachusetts and elsewhere, according to Consumer Reports. ). This theory attempts to explain and predict how individuals will respond to a communication message utilizing appeals to fear. 2.2. Moreover, they may have harmful effects for those members of society who are less psychologically stable or vulnerable ( ValeneBummara,JinbongChoi, (2015) Exploring the Effectiveness of Distracted Driving PSA (Public Service Announcement). Distracted driving is defined as, any non-driving activity a person engages in that has the potential to distract him or her from the primary task of driving and increase the risk of crashing ( In the United States, over 3,100 people were killed and about 424,000 were injured in crashes involving a distracted driver in 2019. The PSA ends with the Put it down campaign logo and lists the NHTSA as the sponsor. Loren Vaillancourt Huron, South DakotaWATCH: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdQDTmKY0vYOn May 20, 2009, 21-year-old Kelson Vaillancourt was riding with a co-worker to a job site when the driver became distracted and failed to yield at a stop sign. Any of these distractions can endanger you, your passengers, and others on the road. Putting on makeup. Get the facts, get involved, and help us keep America's roads safe. To honor her memory, Casey's family and friends produced their own video for the U.S. Department of Transportation's "Faces of Distracted Driving" series. They note that not every individual responds to fearful messages in the same way; rather, responses to fear appeals depend on the perceptions people develop concerning the enormity of the pending danger and on their evaluations of its effect ( Although her father had warned her against cell phone use behind the wheel, she was texting at the time of the crash. Drivers of all ages will be able to learn about the dangers of texting and driving with the use of public service announcements. After all completed surveys were collected, it was determined that seven of the surveys either had incomplete responses or belonged to respondents out of the 18 - 24 age bracket. Distracted drivers arent just a threat to themselves: theyre a danger to everyone else on the road. Can a PSA help reduce the number of distracted driving incidents argumentative essay? Our safety resources give you the knowledge and stories you need to manage human factorsand wont find anywhere else. Lewis, Watson and Tay (2007) Watch: Faces of Distracted Driving: Get the Message: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjmlv1rbGKE. However, the results for that question were mixed in that the proportion of respondents who answered either somewhat disagree or somewhat agree were roughly equivalent. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. To learn if behavioral change actually occurs, study subjects could be involved in follow-up research with a qualitative research methodology. Tanner, Hunt and Eppright (1991) Florida has taken a number of steps to discourage individuals from driving while distracted, including enacting a number of regulations to do so. This finding might be useful for social marketers to know if they aim to be transparent sponsors. The 30-second PSA, Get the Message, features clips from people from across the country who lost loved ones in distracted driving crashes and have spoken out through the U.S. Department of Transportations Faces of Distracted Driving campaign. How many accidents are caused by distracted driving each year? Show More. The students in this sample reported that they did text while driving even though most students (44.1%) strongly disagreed that the PSA made texting while driving seemed more dangerous than it actually was. If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS This video is from the National Safety Council as part of their efforts to fight distracted driving. Visually distracted drivers avert their gaze from the road, manually distracted drivers remove their hands from the steering wheel, and cognitively distracted drivers lose focus while driving (
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