conlang sound change applierconlang sound change applier

conlang sound change applier conlang sound change applier

The notation above is a common practice in rule-based phonology (I think. Turkish, where all of the vowels in a word have to harmonize (for the most part) so that affixes have several different forms (for example, the genitive suffix is [in] after front unrounded vowels, [n] after back unrounded vowels, [yn] after front rounded vowels, and [un] after back rounded vowels). Create a rough draft of the phonology of the child language. In Notepad, for instance, change the Mark Rosenfelder, 2018. The Universals Archive is a searchable encyclopaedia with logical examples and occurrences of most linguistic features in the world, the universal ones and use statistics and correlation to determine the naturalistic contexts of the features. What are the general categories of sound changes? . where you downloaded sounds-- e.g. V is any vowel, but v is /v/ in very. Sometimes you want the rewrite rules to apply only to the input. The program is available in three forms. Unexpected uint64 behaviour 0xFFFF'FFFF'FFFF'FFFF - 1 = 0? Conlang/Intermediate/History/Common sound changes, Last edited on 27 December 2021, at 19:37, https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Conlang/Intermediate/History/Common_sound_changes&oldid=4019626. However, it won't affect (say) achior, It suggests further reading for those who want to know more and shortcuts for those who want to know less. it won't add .txt to your file name. phono - Phonology Builder. Here's how to read it: e > 0 / VC_# if consonants is dental (l, r, n, s, th) or y (Latin to Spanish), this means the sound /e/ becomes zero (or deletes) when it takes the place of the underscore in this phrase: VC_#(end of word) and if these conditions are met: only if the consonant is dental (l, r, n, s, th) or y (Latin to Spanish), so if you have a word that end in V,(l, r, n, s, th [and sometimes y]),e then the e will delete. How do you determine a New Letter's sound? Now you can run sounds as described above. In another 300 years, the similarity will be a question at some bar's trivia night. It usually refers to consonants becoming voiced and moving down the type of articulation table closer to being a semivowel. Wikipedia has a good reputation of having technical and well-sourced articles covering a wide span of both natural and constructed languages, as well as linguistic topics. It takes some practice to be able to do this well, so don't worry too much if the final product isn't exactly the same as your draft. Z//V_V Hit Undo parse/upload, which will restore the state of your input fields before the last Browse or Parse command. C is any consonant. A new article is published on the first of every month. For example, *cwadrut yields hawar in language A and qewarro in language B and kawrs in language C but shwuntz in language D and shhwandaras in language E. As you examine other words, you notice that ancestral [k-] remains [k] or becomes [h] (both palatal sounds) in several languages, all of which are at the eastern end of this proto language's continuum; while most of the languages where ancestral [k-] has become [] are all in the west. Glottolog is a bibliographic database of the world's lesser-known languages, maintained at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig. I might rather than to both the screen and the file. E.g. See also gen for lexicon generation, and phono for creating phonological inventories. based on spellings or phonemes. 101 examples on affix borrowing between languages. Sound change is nigh unstoppable. Try creating a rule where /e/ only deletes in the second syllable and only if the first syllable is . How do I set my page numbers to the same size through the whole document? and our define the variables to match how you've set up the .lex Some of the most common general processes are: Lenition, probably one of the most common sound changes, in which a "softer" sound becomes a "louder" sound. A warning though: so they operate quickly, the rewrite rules are global and non-contextual. After centuries the stones will be smooth. You can examine the history of any Haedus Toolbox Sound Change Applier and forum post here. @AntonSherwood I don't think the intermediate steps have ever been reconstructed, but as far as I'm aware, *d became r (which isn't unusual), the labiovelar glide *w turned into velar k, and e was an epenthetic vowel inserted for phonotactic reasons. Lenition is especially common intervocalically (between two vowels). "Save as type" dropdown to "All files" instead of "Text documents". E.g. Conlang-L or Reddit or CBB would be forums better suited, but I do have some ideas that might serve to get you started. the two input files on the left It should be easy to make on-the-fly revisions to a project, even one you haven't touched in months. file. comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment . degemination (making single consonants from double consonants). What is Wario dropping at the end of Super Mario Land 2 and why? Scan this QR code to download the app now. k/s/_F When a gnoll vampire assumes its hyena form, do its HP change? In this usage, the variables must correspond one for one-- Are words based on acronyms treated differently when the language changes over time? How do you model language changes with wave theory (areal developments)? Has the Melford Hall manuscript poem "Whoso terms love a fire" been attributed to any poetDonne, Roe, or other? The problem is that I have no idea how to even begin choosing rules for sound changes, nor how to describe them. If that was unclear from the question please tell me and I will edit it to bring this out more. Add a description, image, and links to the conlang topic page so that developers can more easily learn about it. SCA - Sound Change Applier. include explanation of the X -> Y / Z notation. to each word: You could write extra rules to handle the digraphs; but it's often more convenient is a .lex or .sc file is really a Notepad (.txt) file. . It is intended for anyone who wants to create artificial languagesfor a fantasy or an alien world, as a hobby, as an interlanguage. s-> /_# applies to secundus at 7, -b prints the output files, including accented characters. between vowels. Lexurgy's design philosophy sets it apart from other sound change appliers: Embrace revision. It also host an interactive glossary on linguistic features and terms. @AntonSherwood this article has one such proposal: New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition. You can apply these rules in certain contexts or in very instance. Palatalization is the shifting of a consonant towards the palate. So, with the word opera and the rules And of course, you're considering a whole family tree, so you're going to need to do this exercise multiple times. conlanging conlang vocabulary-builder conlang-lexicon Updated Oct 12, 2020; Kotlin; henry232323 / Anglish-Bot Star 3. Is there a sound change applier that will work within excel? It is available in the form of a searchable archive, enabling its online users to retrieve universals in terms of any of the individual words or combinations of words that occur in their formulation or in their documentation. Rules apply in the order they're listed. The middle (y) part can be blank, as in When logging sound changes, a standardized notation is used, which looks something like this: In this formula, the underscore indicates where our phoneme in question would be, and it can be read as "when [x] follows [z], it becomes [y]". Constructed Languages Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for designers and users of artificial or invented languages, consciously developed instead of having developed naturally. The extensions should be left off. At the bottom of the Output section you'll see a link Download output lexicon. Every week, the hosts George Corley, Bianca Richards (ne Mangum), William S. Annis, David J. Peterson and Mike Lentine, as well as the occasional guest talk about a conlanging- or linguistics-related topic one week and feature a conlang or natlang the next. Nothing, because the words can be differentiated by context; so they will become homophones. You do this by including the special line -* at the appropriate point in your sound changes file. About. p goes to b, (In English, -tion turn verbs into nouns, -ify turn nouns into verbs, other amazing examples here ) Go ahead and give some examples, by combining some roots with each other and with inflections! Please correct any misinformation I have written, as I'm always willing to learn more. As you will see below, these terms are general: multiple terms may refer to the same phenomena. This page was last edited on 27 December 2021, at 19:37. as input for the next round of changes). E.g. If you don't like that progression, try another one. The word to be changed will refuse to change. The change is minor, but enough that speakers no longer remember that they were once the same word, unless they are well-educated. I think both answers have done a good job answering my question without leaving too much out. Rewrite rules: To begin using this sound change applier, you just need to download the executable (.exe) file in the Releases page and use it through the command-line prompt: You can also clone this repo and use the sca.bat or sca.sh file: And if the following were passed into the command line. resulting in obra. This page collects a number of entrusted, and foremost - free, sources of linguistic and specialised information by the conlanging community, and the users of the Linguifex Wiki. (e.g. Once you have that, you can start trying to change the phonology of the proto-language into this child draft by selecting sound changes and adding them to a list. E.g. yourselfiegotleaked Jono . Variable definitions should come first, one per line; then sound changes, one per line. It uses Python, which you'll need to install to be able to use it; most Linices should have it already installed. leitor deletes an e between a consonant and an intervocalic r, dont use kh both for IPA /x/ and for the cluster /k h/. As with all commands in the command prompt, hit Enter. Sound change also has no memory. (I encourage you to fill in the line as a comment, e.g. Make a note of how certain sounds are "eroded" or, I guess more properly, how they evolve. The results may surprise you if you didnt realize your transcription system was ambigious. intended to delete an i onset following an intervocalic consonant: This occurs when features of a given phoneme are influenced by the phonemes around it. The /t/ deletes after another obstruent. Assimilation is when a sound changes to become more similar to the surrounding sounds. E.g. Thanks for contributing an answer to Constructed Languages Stack Exchange! Click this to save your output lexicon as a text file. You can compare this to the Kebreni grammar in Virtual Verduria. says to delete voiced stops between vowels. 1 / 0. t goes to d, means that c changes to i after a front vowel and before a t. You can use variables in the first two parts as well. lector --> leitor. I guess this forum really isn't set up for the kind of intense assistance & interaction you really need. and produce the output file on the right: The control parameters are one of the following: -p -b -l -f -. Files include input lexicon affects the file sharing buttons. The second is suitable for use in a dictionary with the etymology in brackets. This option is useful for very long vocabulary lists. Let's take a look at the most common ones. c/i/F_t this rule will change a member of S to Z if there is a vowel V anywhere following it: The symbol is the third character in the IPA list. So the variable definition and rule This would help us realize that we really need a sound change This means that s is deleted when it ends a word. Variables can only be one character long. The Language Construction Kit on Zompist.com, is a relatively famous conlanging tutorial created by Mark Rosenfelder. gives the transformed value of each character in the input variable (here S). E.g. The Sound Change Applier 2 is an updated version of my C program which applies a set of sound changes to a lexicon. 131. A sound change applier, for historical conlanging. Why don't we use the 7805 for car phone chargers? You can write transformation rules at the beginning of your sound change list For an example, you can download a Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. where x is the thing to be changed, you could define S to be any stop, or K for any coronal, or whatever. want to change the definition of V. Though sound changes can refer to digraphs, The infinitive "poder" (can) is usually pronounced /pode/, but as a noun, "poder" (power) is pronounced /poder/, even colloquially. Now type cd plus the name of the directory The Language Creation Society is a prestigious body of professional conlangers and resources. Without this parameter, the output looks like this: The Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures, APiCS, is similar to WALS but is just for pidgins and creoles. Then This word exhibits sounds that did not change with rule B. to the second category by analogy. In Latin, /s/ became /z/ between vowels (lenition), and /z/ then proceeded to become /r/. Kind of a simplistic exercise, but it's a good method to start. People rarely say any word perfectly; perhaps your was a little too far forward, or your wasn't rounded as much as it normally would be. The Sound Change Applier 2 is an updated version of my C program which applies a set of sound changes to a lexicon. I'm curious, and also want to know if I should switch out of using Zompist, which I've been using for the past long time. $ . Make sure the two variable definitions are the same length! insufficient vowel reduction) another 35% of the time. So, for instance, the following rule is Vowels next to nasal consonants very often become nasal themselves. That can be all there is, as in, The character # represents the beginning or end of the word. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. I cannot vouch for its relevancy in modern linguistics (rule-based phonology was all but forsaken at my school), but as a conlanger it is very useful. A minor scale definition: am I missing something? It comes from adding onto . if you add -* just after the rule gn/nh/_ in the default sound changes, you get output that looks like this: Browse lets you read in a file, and distribute it properly to the input fields. These are defined in the Categories box. What "benchmarks" means in "what are benchmarks for?". Of course the program knows In that case, make sure Rewrite on output is unchecked. The __ indicates a "placeholder" for where the original sound was and where the new sound goes. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Curate this topic Add this topic to your repo . e//C_rV It interacts with Google Maps to show geographical diffusion and concrete examples. You can use it to help work out a reconstruction for actual languages, to create plausible descendants of a conlang, or in fact to make any structured set of lexical changes to a database of words. So Sound change appliers are powerful and useful tools, but they can have trouble with certain kinds of changes. For instance, you may wonder whether the .lex file should be To do: . As for b), the best way to get an idea for what kinds of things generally happen in languages is honestly probably just by reading about lots of different languages and seeing what tends to happen. More generally, a sound change looks like this: Apply applies the sound changes to the input lexicon, generating the output lexicon. You can define any variables needed to state your sound changes. IPA will post a set of IPA and other useful Unicode characters to the Output area. Did you accidentally erase all your work? TypeIt is a free web-based keyboard which enable the full International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA, and some extensions to it, to be simply copy-pasted. Report which rules apply prints a report in the Output section listing every time a rule applies, like this: Rewrite on output controls whether the rewrite rules should be reversed when writing the output lexicon. Anyone who respects or admires you even if it's just your group of friends will start to subconsciously copy the way that you speak and that sound change will begin to spread. It is also possible just to browse through the Universals Archive. For example, the hypothetical spirantization of [b] to [v] intervocalically could be notated as follows: This rule indicates that b becomes v when surrounded by a vowel (V) on each side. This would allow you to use (say) an IPA font. means to replace u with o, but only at the end of the word. Sound changes, as they're called, are a major driving force of language change. Link: https://trimill.github.io/sca/. conlang.tools is a cohesive conlanging toolset with a focus on naturalistic language creation and evolution. or lexical rules to apply. need it on those occasions when I want to do some conlanging, which I haven't had much time for recently. Another possible inconsistency for sound changes is that more frequent words are more subject to changes. -f directs output to the output file only, Mark Rosenfelder, 2012. If a nasal consonant disappears, the mark it left on the vowel may remain, causing nasal vowels to become phonemic. Some common changes that can form part of your repertoire (with some sample sounds rules): I pay particular attention to the havoc the sound changes are likely to wreak on the E.g. that would handle the change from civitatem with /k/ to cidade with /s/. Most people think English spelling is hopeless; but in fact the rules predict This list will help you: cosmicos, tone, langua, pandunia, Conkey, sca, and bead. On Safari and Firefox, Undo will work as it should: you can make a change, hit Apply, and if you dont like the results, click on the text box you changed and select Undo. of paradigmatic relationships of words and a capacity to analogize that are far beyond the reach of . In the case that two words would be pronounced the same if a certain sound change happens, one of the following things can happen: Some kinds of sound changes are more common than others. How do you handle things like stress, syllable structure, and multiple exceptions/conditions? The child language is going to contain all the history. The advantage is that it supports Unicode, itll run on all systems, and you dont have to mess with ASCII or command lines anymore. you might write. I've heard good things about Haedus, Phonix, RSCA, VSCA and many more. compare it to is creating new animals indirectly, by mutating their DNA. consonants, meta and meda These are defined at the top of the file. The original and most famous sound change applier is the SCA by Zompist. The syntax is slightly different, which allows you to write some rules more compactly or clearly, but it is feature-rich enough to be a full replacement for SCA2. Cookie Notice The World Atlas of Language Structures, WALS, is a database of structural (phonological, grammatical, lexical) properties of languages gathered from descriptive materials. Language predictability is one person's goal and the thing another person avoids with all their effort, so be mindful of what you're aiming for and create accordingly. the first gives the name of the .lex file, containing the lexicon; The original and most famous sound change applier is the SCA by Zompist. Theiling Online Sitemap Conlang Mailing List HQ . The syntax is slightly different, which allows you to write some rules more compactly or clearly, but it is feature-rich enough to be a full replacement for SCA2. As an example, some varieties of Brazilian Portuguese delete final /r/ in verbs, but not in nouns or nominalized verbs. Which SCAs does everyone prefer, and why? To see the intermediate results, check Show intermediate results. an underline _, representing the which tells the program to replace gn with nh unconditionally. the users of the language are likely to invent a new word to replace one of the homonyms. Or you can output HTML or ZBB BBCode. (See here for how to add glosses. It's been a while). As the name suggests, it is a proto-language, which eventually I am hoping to expand into a family of languages. It doesn't matter: the program The Haedus Toolbox SCA is a very nice, phonetic segment-operating sound change applier created by Fiona Morrigan, a computational linguist and conlanger. This means we can read this as "post-vocalic [x] becomes [h] in initial syllables only.". I recently rejoined the subreddit after a long bout of silent conlanging. The latest version is here! Parse .sc will parse the consolidated text in the Sound Changes text box into the appropriate input boxes. The Yasgheld (/'jz.gld/) sound change applier is a project to create a sound-change applier to assist historical conlangers with consistent sound changes. will be taken as a comment and ignored. This means that the stops ptc and z is the environment. Join. The first two non-control parameters are taken as filenames: Add your rewrite rules at the top and bottom of the file, with the appropriate context specifications. Z=bdg A variable can also be set to a fixed value, or deleted. simply edit the source and output files with an editor, using that For instance, Alex If your browser doesnt support these, Ive kept the old methods, which involved consolidating everything into the Sound Changes field. Why does Acts not mention the deaths of Peter and Paul? Consider the word . It can produce output for the Sound Change Applier or for gen, the lexical generator. If neither --sound-classes-file nor --no-sound-classes are used, the following sound classes are used: This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. I will add more features as people request them or as I get new ideas. Hello, r/conlangs! applies its changes to whatever you give it. [ejmbow], [kokoa]). You should see several of the words change, now retaining their final s.). This causes alternations between /s/ and /r/ in some words' inflected forms: Flower is flos in the nominative singular, but floris in the genitive. The word is an example. foot/feet, and vowel harmony is prominent in e.g. The notation used is the same as in @Doorknob's answer above. That doesn't seem too broad to me. TypeIt also features 20 Latin alphabets and their extensions as well as matematical, currency and miscellaneous Unicode symbols. International Phonetic Alphabet reference, Weston Ruter's International Phonetic Alphabet chart, Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures, https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Guide:Conlanging_tools&oldid=217154, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International. . The program will handle whatever you put into the .lex and .sc because the C will not match the digraph ch. The study of when sound changes occur in a particular place and in what order the changes happen. -* Old Portuguese. The information of the atlas is published under a Creative Commons license by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and by the Max Planck Digital Library. omits the source word from the output, leaving only output words, like this: Additionally, capital letters usually refer to a class of sounds. To age a conlang, you might consider making a timeline of changes. gitlab. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. Well talk about exactly what that means below. One or more elements in the environment can be marked as optional with parentheses. At year 800, /atek/ means nasty and /tul/ means extremely but /ategetul/ means 'very gross food'. /ategutul/ goes from 'very gross' to 'inedible food'. Derive words throughout the timeline and preserve changes in history. Don't feel limited to delete all /e/ after a consonant. sounds: The Sound Change Applier This page describes a simple program which can apply a set of sound changes to a lexicon. At year 725, a new word derives from a word from an ancient text from year 300. Notable members of the LCS are David J. Peterson, the creator of Dothraki, and John Quijada, who created Ithkuil. 1000 there are some candidates: th-stopping: Essentially all continental Germanic languages stopped their th's to d's, including Frisian unrounding of umlauts vowels: /y/ -> /i/ and // -> /e/ happened in English, Yiddish, and is frequently encountered in German dialects 'to cook', since the original cocer has merged with Please note: right-click on the links to Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. The rules can be written in any of the following forms: where x becomes y when x is between a and b. I don't see how this can be made less broad. Hit Generate to create a random wordlist. E.g., if a language had a sound change >that merged, say, /dZ/ and /Z/, how would it decide which one to >reconstruct? You can use it to help work out a reconstruction for actual languages, to create plausible descendants of a conlang, or in fact to make any structured set of lexical changes to a database of words. conventional spellings, but I could just as easily have used Sound Changes can happen both unilaterally (in every possible location) or only in certain environments. (Try it with the defaults: change [sm]//_# in the first sound change to [m]//_# and hit Apply. 48. r/conlangs. the executables, pick Save Target As, and save them to your disk. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. What sort of sound changes should you use? Make your vowels become other vowels and keep me guessing. E.g. I haven't been able to get solid answers. The question concerns Sound Change Appliers (SCAs). Yasgheld is licensed under the MIT software license. p/b/V_V In my example I used It would be better to output a phonetic representation. Actually, sound change appliers strike me as being very much a 'scratch own itch' type of project . To answer part a), the basic syntax of the notation goes like this: The part after the slash gives the situations in which the sound changes occur. Phonology is the set of rules that apply given certain conditions. S/Z/V_V SIL provides a database, Ethnologue, of its research into the world's languages. I use capital letters for this, though this is not a requirement. Save Input Words. Categories: Is there a set of sound change rules that undoes Grimm's law? when it's followed by one or two consonants and then a front vowel. I've looked at examples of natural languages, but I'm not sure what's going on with the notation, nor have I been able to identify any patterns that will help me create realistic sound changes for my languages. They can get confused by any change that needs to happen in particular syllables, such as syllable-based syncope, or any change where the environment spans multiple syllables, such as umlaut. Consonants can palatalize before or after a front vowel ([i], [e]) or a palatal consonant ([j]), perhaps ending up as an affricate or fricative. E.g. language family for ideas. Example: Year 400, make word /atege/ (nasty, disgusting, gross), Year 500, form /atege/ + /tul/ (extremely, augmentive) --> /ategetul/, /ategetul/ stays /ategetul/ because there is no final /e/.